Geological modeling is the process of creating a visual representation of the Earth's subsurface structures and materials. This involves using data from various sources, such as geological surveys, drilling samples, and geophysical measurements, to understand the distribution of rocks, minerals, and fluids beneath the surface. These models help geologists and engineers predict how natural resources, like oil and minerals, are located and how they can be extracted. Additionally, geological modeling is essential for assessing natural hazards, such as earthquakes and landslides, by simulating how these events might impact the environment and human activities.