Earthquakes are sudden and intense shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth's surface. These movements can release energy that creates seismic waves, leading to the shaking we feel during an earthquake. The magnitude of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which helps determine its strength and potential impact on communities. The effects of earthquakes can be devastating, resulting in damage to buildings, infrastructure, and even loss of life. Areas near tectonic plate boundaries are particularly vulnerable, making California and Japan notable regions for seismic activity. Preparedness and early warning systems are crucial for minimizing the risks associated with these natural events.