Geostatistics is a branch of statistics that focuses on analyzing and interpreting spatial or spatiotemporal data. It uses mathematical models to understand the variability of a phenomenon across different locations, making it useful in fields like geology, environmental science, and mining. One of the key techniques in geostatistics is kriging, which provides optimal predictions of unknown values based on known data points. This method helps in creating maps and models that represent the distribution of resources, pollutants, or other spatially varying phenomena, aiding in decision-making and resource management.