Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, its structure, composition, and the processes that shape it over time. It encompasses various sub-disciplines, including Physical Geology, which focuses on the materials that make up the Earth and the processes that affect them, and Mineralogy, the study of minerals and their properties. Geologists investigate the Earth's history through rock formations, fossils, and geological events like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. By understanding these processes, we can better predict natural disasters and manage Earth's resources sustainably.