The Kushana Empire was a significant ancient empire that flourished in the 1st to 3rd centuries CE, primarily in the regions of present-day India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. It was established by the Kushana dynasty, which played a crucial role in the spread of Buddhism and facilitated trade along the Silk Road. The empire is known for its cultural and artistic achievements, particularly in sculpture and coinage. Under the rule of notable emperors like Kanishka, the Kushana Empire expanded its territory and influence, promoting a blend of Hellenistic, Indian, and Persian cultures. The empire's capital was located in Peshawar, which became a center for commerce and cultural exchange. The Kushanas are also recognized for their contributions to the development of Mahāyāna Buddhism and the establishment of important trade routes.