Geological surveying is the process of studying and mapping the Earth's surface and subsurface features. This involves examining rock formations, soil types, and mineral resources to understand the geological history and structure of an area. Geological surveys are essential for various applications, including mineral exploration, land use planning, and environmental assessments. Professionals known as geologists or geological surveyors use various tools and techniques, such as geophysical methods and drilling, to collect data. The information gathered helps in making informed decisions about resource management, construction projects, and natural disaster preparedness, contributing to sustainable development and environmental protection.