Geophysical methods are techniques used to study the Earth's physical properties and structure. These methods often involve measuring variations in the Earth's magnetic, gravitational, electrical, or seismic fields. By analyzing these measurements, scientists can infer information about subsurface materials, such as minerals, water, or oil. Common geophysical methods include seismic surveys, magnetometry, and electrical resistivity. Each method has its own applications, such as locating natural resources, assessing geological hazards, or investigating archaeological sites. These techniques are essential for understanding the Earth's processes and managing its resources effectively.