The term "nine federal states" typically refers to the nine states that make up the Federal Republic of Germany. These states, known as Bundesländer, include Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony, Saxony, Thuringia, Brandenburg, and Hamburg. Each state has its own government and constitution, allowing for a degree of autonomy in local matters. In addition to Germany, the phrase can also apply to other countries with a federal structure. For example, India is a federal state with multiple regions, but it has more than nine states. The concept of federalism allows for the distribution of power between a central authority and regional governments, promoting local governance.