Germany is divided into 16 federal states, known as Bundesländer. Each state has its own government and constitution, allowing for regional autonomy. The states vary in size, population, and cultural identity, contributing to Germany's diverse landscape. The largest state by area is Bavaria, famous for its traditions and Oktoberfest. North Rhine-Westphalia is the most populous state, known for its industrial cities. Other notable states include Berlin, the capital, and Saxony, known for its rich history and cultural heritage. Each state plays a vital role in the federal structure of Germany.