Menstrual cramps, also known as dysmenorrhea, are painful sensations felt in the lower abdomen during a woman's menstrual cycle. They occur when the uterus contracts to help shed its lining, which can lead to discomfort and pain. The severity of cramps can vary from mild to intense and may last from a few hours to several days. These cramps are often accompanied by other symptoms, such as bloating, headaches, and mood swings. While they are a common experience for many women, some may seek relief through over-the-counter pain medications, heat therapy, or lifestyle changes to manage the discomfort.