Mood swings are sudden and intense changes in a person's emotional state. They can range from feelings of happiness and excitement to sadness or irritability, often without a clear reason. These fluctuations can occur in anyone but are commonly associated with conditions like bipolar disorder or depression. Various factors can trigger mood swings, including stress, hormonal changes, lack of sleep, or certain medications. While occasional mood swings are normal, frequent or severe changes may indicate a need for professional support or intervention to help manage emotions effectively.