Dysmenorrhea is a medical term used to describe painful menstrual cramps that occur before or during a woman's period. This condition can cause discomfort in the lower abdomen, back, and thighs, and may be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, headaches, and fatigue. Dysmenorrhea is classified into two types: primary, which is common and not linked to any underlying health issues, and secondary, which is caused by conditions like endometriosis or uterine fibroids. The severity of dysmenorrhea can vary from mild to debilitating, affecting daily activities and quality of life. Treatment options include over-the-counter pain relievers, hormonal contraceptives, and lifestyle changes such as exercise and dietary adjustments. In some cases, medical intervention may be necessary to address underlying causes.