Geophysical surveys are scientific methods used to study the physical properties of the Earth's subsurface. These surveys utilize various techniques, such as seismic, magnetic, and electrical resistivity measurements, to gather data about geological formations. They help in locating natural resources like oil, gas, and minerals, as well as in assessing environmental conditions. The data collected from geophysical surveys can also aid in engineering projects, such as building foundations or tunnels, by providing information about soil stability and rock formations. Additionally, these surveys play a crucial role in archaeology by helping to identify buried structures without excavation.