Engineering is the application of scientific and mathematical principles to design and build structures, machines, and systems that solve real-world problems. It encompasses various fields, including civil engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering, each focusing on different aspects of technology and infrastructure. Civil engineering, a major branch of engineering, involves the design and construction of public works such as bridges, roads, and buildings. Structural engineering, a subfield of civil engineering, specifically deals with the integrity and safety of structures, ensuring they can withstand various forces and loads throughout their lifespan.