X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a non-destructive analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of materials. It works by directing X-rays onto a sample, which causes the elements within the sample to emit their own characteristic X-rays. By measuring these emitted X-rays, scientists can identify and quantify the elements present in the sample. XRF is widely used in various fields, including geology, archaeology, and materials science. It is particularly valuable for analyzing metals, minerals, and even artworks, providing quick and accurate results without damaging the sample being tested.