X-ray Diffraction (XRD) is a scientific technique used to study the structure of materials at the atomic level. It involves directing X-rays at a sample, which then scatters the rays in specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of the scattered X-rays, researchers can determine the arrangement of atoms within the material. This method is widely used in various fields, including materials science, chemistry, and mineralogy. XRD helps identify crystalline structures, analyze phase compositions, and assess the quality of materials, making it an essential tool for both research and industrial applications.