Geology is the study of the Earth, its materials, and the processes that shape it over time. It encompasses the examination of rocks, minerals, and the various forces that contribute to the formation of landscapes. Geologists analyze the Earth's history through the study of rock layers and fossils, providing insights into past climates and environments. Understanding geology is crucial for various applications, including natural resource management, environmental protection, and hazard assessment. By studying geological formations, scientists can predict natural disasters like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, helping to safeguard communities and infrastructure from potential threats.