The United Kingdom is a sovereign country located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. It consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The capital city is London, which is known for its rich history and cultural significance. The UK has a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with King Charles III as the current monarch. The UK has a diverse economy, with key sectors including finance, manufacturing, and services. It is known for its contributions to literature, science, and the arts, producing notable figures such as William Shakespeare and Isaac Newton. The UK is also a member of various international organizations, including the United Nations and NATO.