Isaac Newton was a renowned English mathematician, physicist, and astronomer, widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time. He is best known for formulating the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which laid the groundwork for classical mechanics. His work, particularly in his book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, revolutionized the way we understand the physical world. In addition to his contributions to physics, Newton made significant advancements in mathematics, including the development of calculus, which he referred to as 'the method of fluxions.' His discoveries not only advanced science but also influenced various fields, making him a pivotal figure in the Scientific Revolution.