The Theban Dynasty refers to a series of ancient Egyptian rulers from the city of Thebes, which is modern-day Luxor. This dynasty is notable for its significant contributions to the cultural and political landscape of ancient Egypt, particularly during the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom periods. The Theban rulers were known for their monumental architecture, including temples and tombs, which showcased their power and religious devotion. Key figures of the Theban Dynasty include pharaohs like Ahmose I, who expelled the Hyksos and reunited Egypt, and Hatshepsut, one of the few female pharaohs. The dynasty played a crucial role in the expansion of trade and military campaigns, solidifying Thebes as a major center of power in ancient Egypt.