The Spanish literary movement refers to various trends and styles in literature that emerged in Spain over different historical periods. Notable movements include the Golden Age, characterized by writers like Miguel de Cervantes and Lope de Vega, and the Generation of '98, which focused on Spain's identity and social issues after the Spanish-American War. In the 20th century, the Spanish Civil War influenced literature, leading to works by authors such as Federico García Lorca and Antonio Machado. The post-war period saw the rise of the Spanish novel, with writers like Carmen Laforet and Camilo José Cela exploring themes of existentialism and social change.