Literary movements are groups of writers and artists who share similar ideas, styles, or themes in their work during a specific time period. These movements often reflect the cultural, social, and political contexts of their era. For example, the Romanticism movement emphasized emotion and nature, while Modernism focused on new forms and breaking traditional rules. Each literary movement has its own characteristics and notable figures. The Harlem Renaissance celebrated African American culture and creativity, while Surrealism explored the unconscious mind through dream-like imagery. Understanding these movements helps readers appreciate the evolution of literature and the diverse voices that shape it.