The term "Second Republic" typically refers to a period of governance in various countries that followed a first republic. One notable example is the Second French Republic, which lasted from 1848 to 1852. It emerged after the February Revolution, which overthrew the July Monarchy, and aimed to establish democratic principles and social reforms. Another example is the Second Spanish Republic, which existed from 1931 to 1939. It was established after the abdication of King Alfonso XIII and sought to modernize Spain through progressive reforms. However, it faced significant political turmoil, leading to the Spanish Civil War and ultimately the rise of Francisco Franco's dictatorship.