The Third Republic refers to the government of France that existed from 1870 to 1940. It was established after the fall of the Second Empire and lasted until the German occupation during World War II. This period was marked by political instability, with numerous changes in government and frequent elections. During the Third Republic, France experienced significant social and cultural changes, including the rise of socialism and the establishment of public education. The era also saw the development of a strong national identity and the promotion of French culture, despite challenges such as economic crises and political scandals.