The Second French Republic was established in 1848 after the February Revolution, which led to the abdication of King Louis-Philippe. It marked a significant shift from monarchy to a republican form of government, emphasizing democratic ideals and social reforms. The new constitution was adopted in November 1848, creating a president and a national assembly. However, the republic faced challenges, including political instability and economic difficulties. In 1851, Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, elected as president, staged a coup d'état, ultimately leading to the establishment of the Second French Empire in 1852. The Second French Republic lasted only a few years but was crucial in shaping modern France.