The Restoration War was a conflict in the mid-17th century in England, primarily between the supporters of the monarchy and those favoring a republican government. It followed the English Civil War and aimed to restore the monarchy after the execution of King Charles I in 1649. The war concluded with the return of Charles II to the throne in 1660, marking the end of the republican rule established by Oliver Cromwell. This period was characterized by political instability and social upheaval. The Restoration War highlighted the struggle between royalists, known as Cavaliers, and parliamentarians, known as Roundheads. The eventual restoration of the monarchy led to significant changes in governance and the balance of power in England.