Charles I was the king of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 until his execution in 1649. He is known for his belief in the divine right of kings, which meant he thought he had the authority to rule without needing to consult Parliament. This belief led to conflicts with Parliament and ultimately sparked the English Civil War. During the English Civil War, Charles I fought against forces that wanted more power for Parliament. After losing the war, he was captured and put on trial for treason. In 1649, he was executed, making him the first English monarch to be tried and killed by his own people.