Ptolemy V was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh who ruled from 204 to 180 BCE. He was part of the Ptolemaic dynasty, which was established after the death of Alexander the Great. His reign was marked by internal strife and external threats, particularly from the Seleucid Empire. During his rule, Ptolemy V issued the famous Rosetta Stone, which helped scholars later decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs. His reign also saw efforts to consolidate power and promote cultural integration between the Greek and Egyptian populations in Egypt.