The Ptolemaic dynasty was a Greek royal family that ruled Egypt from 305 BC to 30 BC. Founded by Ptolemy I Soter, a general of Alexander the Great, the dynasty is known for its blend of Greek and Egyptian cultures. The Ptolemies established the city of Alexandria, which became a major center of learning and commerce. The dynasty is famous for its last ruler, Cleopatra VII, who is often remembered for her relationships with Roman leaders like Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. The Ptolemaic dynasty ended when Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire after Cleopatra's defeat in 30 BC.