Pompey, also known as Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, was a prominent military and political leader in the late Roman Republic. He played a crucial role in the transformation of Rome from a republic to an empire, forming the First Triumvirate with Julius Caesar and Marcus Licinius Crassus. His military campaigns expanded Rome's territories significantly, particularly in Asia Minor and Syria. Despite his successes, Pompey's rivalry with Caesar ultimately led to his downfall. After being defeated in the Civil War, he fled to Egypt, where he was assassinated in 48 BC. His legacy remains significant in the study of Roman history and politics.