Oryza sativa, commonly known as rice, is a staple food for more than half of the world's population. This cereal grain is primarily grown in warm, wet climates, making it a vital crop in countries like China, India, and Indonesia. Rice is not only a key source of carbohydrates but also provides essential nutrients, making it an important part of many diets. There are thousands of varieties of Oryza sativa, each with unique flavors, textures, and cooking properties. Some popular types include Basmati, Jasmine, and Arborio rice. Rice can be prepared in various ways, such as boiling, steaming, or frying, and is often served alongside dishes in cuisines around the world.