The term "Medieval Arab" refers to the people and culture of the Arab world during the Middle Ages, roughly from the 5th to the 15th century. This period saw the rise of the Islamic Caliphates, which played a significant role in the spread of Islam and the Arabic language. The Arabs made notable contributions to various fields, including science, mathematics, and philosophy, often preserving and expanding upon the knowledge of earlier civilizations. During the Medieval period, the Arab world became a center of trade, culture, and learning. Cities like Baghdad and Córdoba flourished as hubs of intellectual activity, where scholars gathered to exchange ideas. The House of Wisdom in Baghdad was particularly famous for its translation movement, which helped preserve ancient texts and fostered advancements in various disciplines, influencing both the Islamic world and Europe.