Al-Andalus refers to the regions of the Iberian Peninsula that were under Muslim rule from the early 8th century until the late 15th century. It began with the Umayyad conquest in 711 and lasted until the fall of Granada in 1492. During this period, Al-Andalus became a center of cultural, scientific, and economic development, blending influences from Islamic, Christian, and Jewish traditions. The most notable period of Al-Andalus was during the Caliphate of Córdoba, which reached its peak in the 10th century. This era is characterized by advancements in philosophy, medicine, and architecture, exemplified by landmarks such as the Great Mosque of Córdoba. The legacy of Al-Andalus continues to influence modern Spanish culture and architecture.