The Iraqi Monarchy was established in 1921 after the end of Ottoman rule and the British mandate. It was led by King Faisal I, who aimed to unify the diverse ethnic and religious groups in Iraq. The monarchy was characterized by a constitutional framework, but it faced challenges from various political factions and social unrest. The monarchy lasted until 1958 when it was overthrown in a military coup led by General Abdul Karim Qasim. This event marked the end of royal rule in Iraq and the beginning of a republic, significantly altering the country's political landscape.