Monarchies are a form of government where a single individual, known as a monarch, holds supreme authority, often for life and by hereditary right. This system can be absolute, where the monarch has unchecked power, or constitutional, where their powers are limited by a constitution or laws. Monarchies have existed in various forms throughout history and continue to play significant roles in many countries today. In a monarchy, the monarch may perform ceremonial duties, govern the state, and represent the nation in diplomatic matters. Examples of modern monarchies include the United Kingdom, Japan, and Saudi Arabia, each with unique traditions and governance structures.