The Ghurid Empire was a medieval empire that emerged in the late 12th century in present-day Afghanistan and parts of Northern India. It was founded by the Ghurid dynasty, which played a significant role in the spread of Islam in the region. The empire is known for its architectural achievements and military conquests, particularly under the leadership of Muhammad of Ghor. The Ghurid Empire reached its peak in the late 12th and early 13th centuries, expanding its territory through successful campaigns against neighboring states. It laid the groundwork for the later Delhi Sultanate, influencing the political landscape of South Asia. The empire eventually declined due to internal strife and external pressures, particularly from the Mongols.