Geological materials refer to the natural substances found in the Earth's crust, including rocks, minerals, and soils. These materials are formed through various geological processes, such as volcanic activity, sedimentation, and erosion. They play a crucial role in shaping landscapes and providing resources for construction, agriculture, and industry. Common types of geological materials include granite, sandstone, and clay. Each material has unique properties that determine its use and behavior in different environments. Understanding these materials is essential for fields like geology, engineering, and environmental science, as they influence everything from land use to natural resource management.