The Fayum is a region in Egypt located southwest of Cairo, known for its rich history and agricultural significance. It features a large oasis that has been inhabited since ancient times, making it an important area for both farming and settlement. The region is home to the Fayum Oasis, which provides water from underground aquifers, allowing for the cultivation of various crops. Historically, the Fayum is famous for its archaeological sites, including the Fayum mummy portraits, which are remarkable examples of ancient Egyptian art. These portraits, created during the Roman period, depict the deceased and are known for their lifelike quality. The area also contains remnants of ancient cities, such as Crocodilopolis, showcasing its significance in ancient Egyptian civilization.