The Roman period refers to the time when the Roman Empire was at its height, roughly from 27 BC to AD 476 in the West. This era is marked by significant advancements in architecture, engineering, and governance. The Romans built impressive structures like the Colosseum and aqueducts, which showcased their engineering skills and contributed to urban development. During this time, the Roman Empire expanded across Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia, influencing various cultures and societies. The period is also known for its contributions to law, language, and art, with notable figures such as Julius Caesar and Augustus playing key roles in shaping its history.