European martial arts refer to the historical fighting techniques and combat practices that originated in Europe. These arts include various styles such as swordsmanship, grappling, and polearms, often documented in medieval and Renaissance manuals. Practitioners study these techniques to preserve the skills and knowledge of past warriors. Many European martial arts are based on the teachings of masters like Johannes Liechtenauer and Fiore dei Liberi. Today, enthusiasts engage in training through historical European martial arts (HEMA) groups, focusing on both the physical and historical aspects of these combat systems.