Ayyubid
The Ayyubid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty founded by Saladin in the 12th century. It emerged in response to the Crusades and is best known for its role in the battles against the Crusader states in the Levant. The Ayyubids ruled over parts of modern-day Egypt, Syria, Yemen, and Iraq, establishing a significant cultural and political influence during their reign.
The Ayyubids are recognized for their contributions to architecture, education, and the arts. They built notable structures, including the Citadel of Cairo and various mosques. The dynasty lasted until the late 13th century, when it gradually declined due to internal strife and external pressures, particularly from the Mamluks.