Al-Sham, often referred to as Greater Syria, is a historical region in the Middle East that includes modern-day countries such as Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and parts of Turkey and Iraq. The term has been used since ancient times to describe the area known for its rich cultural heritage and significant historical events. The region of Al-Sham has been a crossroads for various civilizations, including the Phoenicians, Romans, and Ottomans. It is characterized by diverse landscapes, from mountains to deserts, and is home to many important cities, including Damascus and Aleppo, which have played crucial roles in trade and culture throughout history.