The 9th Century BC was a period marked by significant developments in various ancient civilizations. In the Middle East, the Assyrian Empire began to rise in power, expanding its territory and influence. This era also saw the establishment of the Neo-Hittite states in Anatolia, as well as the flourishing of Phoenician trade networks across the Mediterranean. In Greece, the 9th Century BC was characterized by the transition from the Geometric period to the Orientalizing period in art and culture. This time also witnessed the formation of early city-states, setting the stage for the later development of classical Greek civilization.