Ιρακ, also known as Iraq, is a country located in the Middle East, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, and Syria and Jordan to the west. Its capital city is Baghdad, which has a rich history and was once a center of learning and culture during the Islamic Golden Age. The country is known for its diverse landscapes, including deserts, mountains, and rivers, particularly the Tigris and Euphrates. The population of Ιρακ is predominantly Arab, with significant Kurdish and Turkmen minorities. The official languages are Arabic and Kurdish. The country has a complex history, marked by ancient civilizations such as the Sumerians and Babylonians, and more recent conflicts, including the Iraq War that began in 2003.