The Kingdom of England was a medieval state that existed from the 9th century until 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. It was known for its rich history, including the establishment of the Magna Carta in 1215, which limited the powers of the monarchy and laid the groundwork for modern democracy. The kingdom was ruled by a series of monarchs, with notable figures such as King Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I. England played a significant role in European politics, culture, and exploration, influencing many aspects of the modern world.