The Dutch Republic, officially known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, was a confederation of seven provinces that existed from 1581 to 1795. It emerged during the Eighty Years' War against Spanish rule and became a major economic and maritime power in Europe. The republic was known for its innovative trade practices, cultural achievements, and a strong naval presence. During its height in the 17th century, often referred to as the Dutch Golden Age, the Dutch Republic was a center for art, science, and philosophy. Prominent figures such as Rembrandt and Vermeer flourished during this time, contributing to a rich cultural legacy that still influences the world today.