The Dutch Republic, officially known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, was a confederation of seven provinces that existed from 1581 to 1795. It emerged during the Eighty Years' War against Spanish rule and became a major economic and maritime power in Europe. The capital was Amsterdam, which flourished as a center of trade and finance. The Dutch Republic is known for its cultural achievements during the Dutch Golden Age, producing renowned artists like Rembrandt and Vermeer. It also established a unique form of government with a decentralized structure, allowing provinces significant autonomy while maintaining a collective identity.