Throat cancer refers to the growth of cancerous cells in the throat, which includes the pharynx and larynx. It can develop in various parts of the throat and may cause symptoms such as a persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, or changes in voice. Risk factors include smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain viral infections like human papillomavirus (HPV). Diagnosis typically involves physical examinations, imaging tests, and biopsies. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the cancer's stage and location. Early detection is crucial for improving outcomes and survival rates.