Esophageal cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the esophagus, the long tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach. This cancer can develop in different parts of the esophagus and may cause symptoms like difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and weight loss. Risk factors include smoking, heavy alcohol use, and certain medical conditions like Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). There are two main types of esophageal cancer: adenocarcinoma, which often starts in the glandular cells of the lower esophagus, and squamous cell carcinoma, which usually begins in the cells lining the upper and middle parts. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment, which may involve surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.