Thin film deposition is a process used to create very thin layers of material, often just a few nanometers thick, on a substrate. This technique is essential in various industries, including electronics, optics, and coatings, as it allows for the precise control of material properties and functions. Common methods include chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD). These thin films can enhance the performance of devices like solar cells, semiconductors, and optical filters. By adjusting the thickness and composition of the films, manufacturers can tailor the electrical, optical, and mechanical properties to meet specific requirements for advanced applications.